Gelatin creates an airtight seal around meat, so food was prepared this way due to absence of refrigeration. Home cooks often used packaged goods or leftovers for this dish.
The main ingredient is Campbell's tomato soup, which adds moisture and tanginess, but the other ingredients are similar to a classic carrot cake. It's topped with cream cheese.
Spam, a type of canned meat, was a household name following World War II. It was often a popular ingredient choice used to enhance other dishes and recipes.
A popular recipe incorporating the lunch meat was called Spam Fiesta, which included ground Spam mixed with oats, milk, ketchup, and mustard scooped into peach halves, and broiled.
A typical bologna cake consisted of bologna layered slice by slice with cream cheese in between. Some recipes left the sides exposed, showing layers of meat and cheese.
With the introduction of packaged and pre-sliced meats at supermarkets, and bologna being cheaper than other deli meats, it was popular in mid-century America.
A recipe from 1956 used elbow macaroni, Velveeta cheese, eggs, breadcrumbs, peppers, and onions. Processed cheeses like Velveeta were popular due to their longer shelf life.